Влияние незаменимых аминокислот на синтез полипротеинов вируса SARS-CoV-2 в патогенезе COVID-19

Введение. Диета является решающим фактором в развитии вирусного патогенеза. Предварительно было показано, что высокое потребление животных белков напрямую коррелирует с опасными исходами инфекции SARS-CoV-2. Анализ биохимии метаболических отношений хозяина и возбудителя необходим для выяснения роли животных белков в развитии COVID-19.

Цель. Выявить диетический фактор, влияющий критически на развитие заболевания COVID-19. Сравнить аминокислотный состав животных и растительных белков с неструктурными полипротеинами вируса SARS-CoV-2. Проанализировать влияние незаменимых аминокислот (ЕАА) на развитие инфекционного заболевания COVID-19.

Материалы и методы. Научные данные и информация, необходимые для этого анализа, были найдены в публикациях и СМИ, доступных в Интернете, а также взяты из статистических баз данных, с использованием необходимых ключевых слов для одного тега или в различных их сочетаниях. Статистические выборки формировались из источников и фактов, доступных в Интернете. Аминокислотные последовательности белков были получены из баз данных (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/). Для выявления статистической взаимосвязи применялся коэффициент корреляции Пирсона (r).

Результаты и обсуждение. Анализ статистических данных и оценка факторов питания в период развития 22-месячной пандемии в 20 странах, с наибольшим числом инфицированных пациентов, показали, что исход заболевания COVID-19 усугублялся избыточным потреблением белков животного происхождения. Количество зарегистрированных случаев заражения вирусом SARS-CoV-2 (RPr) и смертей (IFR) от болезни COVID-19 на тысячу жителей было значительно ниже в регионах, где потреблялась преимущественно растительная пища с минимальным содержанием EAA. Выявлена ​​положительная связь между патогенностью SARS-CoV-2 и количеством поступающих в организм животных белков с коэффициентами корреляции r = 0,83 для RPr и r = 0,61 для IFR. Коронавирусы человека содержат гораздо больше ЕАА, чем клеточные организмы. Съедобные растительные белки содержат в 2-3 раза меньше лейцина, лизина и особенно треонина и валина (LKTV), чем полипептиды SARS-CoV-2. Для оптимального синтеза полипротеинов Pp1a и Pp1ab вируса SARS-CoV-2 требуется своевременное поступление большого количества этих четырех EAA.

Выводы. Лимит ЕАА в пище может быть конкурентным метаболическим фактором, снижающим или подавляющим скорость внутриклеточного синтеза неструктурных полипротеинов вирионов SARS-CoV-2. Дефицит ЕАА, особенно свободного валина и треонина, может подавлять раннюю трансляцию белков Рр1а и Рр1аb вируса SARS-CoV-2. Предполагается, что диета с низким содержанием EAA и особенно LKTV может предотвратить быструю, высокопродуктивную репликацию вируса и патогенное развитие COVID-19.

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