The Role of Food in Enhancing Individual Detoxification Potential

Introduction. In the current reality, where the negative impact of the environment on human health has increased significantly, the issue of supporting individual detoxification potential among workers in hazardous conditions is becoming increasingly important. In environments with exposure to harmful chemical factors, the technogenic load on the detoxification system of workers increases, leading to a higher risk of occupational diseases. Nutrition serves as one of the main tools for supporting xenobiotic metabolism. 

The purpose of the review article is to systematize the scientific literature on the interplay between diet, genetic predisposition and detoxification potential.

Materials and Methods. Based on an analysis of literature sources, the mechanisms of two-phase metabolic detoxification are examined, along with the influence of genetic polymorphisms on the activity of enzymes involved in these phases. 

Results. An original definition of the concept of "individual detoxification potential" is proposed. The role of key detoxifying enzymes such as cytochrome P450s, glutathione-S-transferases, and N-acetyltransferases in toxin metabolism is described. It is shown that polymorphisms in genes encoding these enzymes can lead to reduced efficiency of detoxification processes in the body, increasing the risk of toxic substance accumulation. Special attention is paid to a personalized approach to nutrition aimed at improving detoxification processes in individuals working under hazardous conditions. Examples of phytochemical substances found in plant-based products that can stimulate or suppress the activity of these enzymes are presented. The prospects of using personalized diets to optimize the detoxification function of the organism are discussed. 

Conclusions. The review results indicate the necessity of considering genetic characteristics when developing nutritional programs for people exposed to elevated toxic loads. To reduce toxic burden, it seems reasonable to include foods that enhance individual detoxification potential in dietary regimens.

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