The essence of the concept of a preprint is revealed and the main provisions of publication ethics in relation to a preprint are described, the specifics of the use of preprints in scientific communication are investigated. The capabilities of platforms for posting preprints and the changes that occur to them in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic are analyzed.

The relevance of the study and the presence of gaps in the existing knowledge on the topic. Monitoring studies of the biological safety of food raw materials for microbiological indicators is an urgent problem due to the increase in the number registered diseases transmitted to humans through raw materials and products of animal origin. There is a tendency for a statistically significant increase in epidemiological indicators throughout the world, the proportion of these pathologies is increasing both in humane medicine and veterinary medicine.

 The aim of the work is a comparative assessment and selection of effective methods for studying the formation biofilms enterobacteriaceae circulating among susceptible animal species and isolated from food raw materials.

Methods. Аnalysis of growth and dynamics development biofilms Enterobacteriaceae was carried out during cultivation on nutrient media containing growth factors for the repair of the cell wall and the reversal viable uncultured microorganisms. To study the morphological and functional patterns of the development a population microorganisms in vitro and in vivo, we used the conventional and developed methods for preparing preparations for scanning, transmission phase contrast, optical and luminescence microscopy.

Results and its discussion. During microbiological control critical points in the technology of animal husbandry and food production, the morphological and functional characteristics biofilms, which are communities microorganisms secreting a polymer matrix and adhered to the tissues of susceptible animal species and abiotic surfaces livestock buildings and food industries, were studied. The developed methods of biofilm cultivation made it possible to study enterobacteriaceae biofilms in vitro and in vivo, without disturbing the natural architectonics of the population microorganisms, to determine the components extracellular matrix. For the study dynamics morphological and functional patterns of the development populations microorganisms, routine and technological advances present are recognized as promising, for example, scanning electron microscopy makes it possible to assess the degree of formation and morphological composition biofilms. Phase contrast microscopy to reveal processes depending on the composition medium and the oxygen content in the culture medium.

Conclusions. Methods for cultivating biofilms in vitro and in vivo without disturbing the natural architectonics of biofilms made it possible to optimize the preparation samples for research and eliminate the routine stages of colony counting, and significantly increase the number of analyzes. Due to the simplicity of operations and minimization manual labor, productivity increases, safety of work is increased, cost of personnel working time is reduced, and subjective factors are excluded. For the development of a complex antiepizootic and diagnostic measures, a priority direction is the disclosure of scientific knowledge in the field fundamental studies of ecological plasticity and adaptation potentially pathogenic enterobacteria to parasitism in the warm-blooded organism of birds and mammals. This will allow solving applied problems controlling the critical points of livestock and food production technology, developing effective chemotherapeutic and disinfecting drugs to reduce cell coaggregation and detect viable uncultured microorganisms.

Liver is chemically complex matrixes contain sufficient nutrients that support microbial growth. Microbial contamination of vending chicken livers could occur due to different possible reasons such as storing foods in cheap utensils, holding foods at a temperature that would permit bacterial growth, utilization of water of questionable hygienic quality, using packing materials that were not of food-grade quality, vending site that has no facilities for waste disposal and utilization of unclean utensils. In addition, street chicken livers vendors are unaware of the basic importance of personal cleanliness, thus their products are usually vulnerable to gross contamination by flies, insects, rodents, dust and other dirt. Vending chicken livers are often poor and uneducated and lack appreciation for safe food handling. Aim of the study is to determine microbiological quality of chicken livers in Jalalabad city.  A total of 24 samples of vender chicken livers   from 4 different shops had purchased from Jalalabad city Afghanistan. This step occurred earlier than the chilling period then Transfer Directly to the Microbiological laboratory of Veterinary Science faculty of Nangarhar University for Microbial culture and microscopic examination.   According to our study we have seen 6 (25%) samples positive for Salmonella and 24(100%) samples positive for Shigella. Studies made in Nangarhar pointed out that the important aspect of vending chicken livers is their safety and understanding the possible ways of contamination. The sanitary condition need to be improved.  The government must develop microbiological standards of fast food and urgently put them in practice.

Today, low-lactose (LL) and lactose-free (LF) dairy products have widespread health benefits throughout the world. To obtain LL and LF of curd products, the modern market of LL and LF products was studied, based on the analysis of which the composition of raw materials and methods for obtaining LL of a curd product were substantiated using the example of LL curd paste with papaya puree. The process of lactose hydrolysis was studied and the optimal modes of its hydrolysis were determined. The development of LL curd products with papaya will help reduce vitamin A deficiency and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in the population in Vietnam. The new product will expand the range of functional foods, increase the consumption of fermented milk products among the population of all ages, provide the body with many important nutrients, and strengthen the immune system.

The presented work considers the solution of the problem of controlling the content of sunflower seed husk in the stream after separation, using a computer vision system. This problem is caused by the instability of the properties of the raw materials received for processing. Since the preparation of sunflower seeds for the production of confectionery products uses seeds of different varieties from different regions of Russia, each batch of seeds will be of different sizes, with different properties and with different degrees of husk content. All this leads to instability of the confectionery production process and affects the quality of the finished product, since for each batch of raw materials it is necessary to select their optimal operating modes of the equipment. One of the main indicators of the quality of the separation process is the impurity content coefficient in the raw material under study, which must be determined in the flow. The article presents a method for determining the content of husk in the flow.

Frequency converters of asynchronous three-phase AC motors are widely used in industry, including food production. A thorough understanding of the technical capabilities of frequency converters contributes to their efficient use. This article discusses a technical comparison of two frequency converters of three-phase electric motors of the Russian company "OWEN" and the Danish company "DANFOSS" according to the criterion of the quality of regulation of the technological parameter. For comparison, a test bench was created, in which the devices were tested in turn, under the same conditions. During the preparation and implementation of testing, it turned out that the hardware capabilities of frequency converters for their use in regulating technological parameters are the same, and the parametric capabilities are different. The frequency converter of the "OWEN" company is equipped with a PI controller, and the frequency converter from "DANFOSS" is equipped with a PID controller. As the results of testing the devices show, despite 

This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of two methods of hops dosage at the stage of maturation in beer production. During the experiment, for comparison, a method was chosen for adding Galaxy aromatic hops to beer at the cold maturation stage using special equipment, which was used as a hop separator produced by Uralspettrans LLC, as well as a method for dosing hops directly into the fermentation tank. As part of the work, the main physical and chemical parameters of young beer were determined before and after the hopping process, and the concentration of polyphenols and α-acids was also determined to control the extraction of soluble hop substances. Young beer was studied before and after the dry hopping process. The results of the comparative analysis showed the effectiveness of the hop dosage method implemented on specialized equipment.

The article presents data on the possibility of using amaranth flour in the technology of meat products, with the aim of increasing production volumes and improving the quality of food products, as well as saving the consumption of raw meat. The results of studying the effect of amaranth protein products on the quality indicators of meat systems are presented. The optimal level of replacing raw meat with flour from amaranth seeds has been determined, which makes it possible to obtain finished products with increased nutritional value.