The ethics of scientific communication from the point of view of compliance with legal and moral norms, social responsibility and respect for the reader is analyzed. Forms of academic plagiarism are considered. One of the forms of hidden plagiarism - translation plagiarism - is described in detail. Attention is paid to methods of recognition of plagiarism in translation.

The review is devoted to the use of lipid-lowering medicines in certain categories of patients, especially those with acute coronary syndrome, stroke, chronic heart failure, valvular heart disease, atherosclerosis of the central and peripheral arteries, chronic kidney disease, as well as in persons undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. It is noted that all patients with acute coronary syndrome without any contraindications or intolerance are advised to start (or continue) high-dose statin therapy as early as possible, regardless of the initial values ​​of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. If the target level of low density lipoproteins is not reached after 4-6 weeks of using the maximum tolerated dose of statins, a combination with ezetimibe is recommended, and if this combination is not effective enough, the addition of a proprotein convertase inhibitor subtilisin / kexin type 9 is needed. Strategy of short pre-treatment or loading (in the case of prior therapy) with high doses of statins should be considered for elective percutaneous coronary intervention or acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation. The use of statins to lower cholesterol levels is not indicated in patients with heart failure unless otherwise indicated. Lipid-lowering therapy for atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid arteries significantly reduces the risk of stroke. Recommendations for the treatment of dyslipidemia in organ transplant patients are comparable to those used for patients at high or very high risk of cardiovascular disease, although more attention needs to be paid to the causes of lipid abnormalities and possible side effects associated with drug interactions.

In the food industry, one of the main problems is to ensure the quality and safety of food products. Losses of unpackaged food products associated with their spoilage can reach up to 50%. In order to avoid such losses, the current trend is to create packaging materials with antimicrobial properties to extend the shelf life of food products. Therefore, the aim of the work was to study the effect of ultrasonic treatment of melts of polymer compositions in order to create packaging materials with antimicrobial properties that provide a long shelf life of packaged food products. The following tasks were set: to conduct a comprehensive study of the obtained polymer materials based on polyethylene modified with birch bark extract (ECB); to investigate the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the melts of the obtained polymer compositions; to investigate the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the acquired properties of polymer mixtures modified with ECB; to recommend polymer compositions that allow extending the shelf life of food products. The materials chosen for the study were polyethylene and betulin. The samples were obtained on a single-screw laboratory extruder with an ultrasonic vibrating attachment. As a result of the obtained studies, the following conclusions can be drawn: ultrasonic treatment increases the fluidity of melts of polymer compositions; ultrasonic melt processing polymer compositions contributes to obtaining materials with a uniform distribution of the components of the composition; the melt processing of samples increases the physico-mechanical properties of materials, which is noticeable when comparing the relative elongation at break with control samples; the content of electronic components from 1.0% above the polyethylene composition provides obtaining packaging materials with antimicrobial properties.

Modern vision of pre-cancious penile intraepithelial neoplasia contained in the 2016 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs was studied. New approaches to systematization of pre-cancious epithelial tumors of penis were reviewed in the fifth chapter of the 2016 WHO Classification called «Tumours of the penis» in section Precursor lesions. In this chapter two nosological units such as penile intraepithelial neoplasia associated with HPV infection and differentiated penile intraepithelial neoplasia not associated with NPV were proposed. We analysed patients with papulosis bowenoid, leukoplakia, penile lichen sclerosus, pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis in Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko in accordance with different histopathological types of penile intraepithelial neoplasia. Penile intraepithelial neoplasia associated with HPV is identified in cases of papulosis bowenoid. Differential penile intraepithelial neoplasia can be found in clinical dignosis of leukoplakia, penile lichen sclerosus, pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis.

This work is devoted to the theoretical substantiation of connection of temperature dependence of the solubility of carbohydrates with thermal effect of their dissolution in the water-containing organic solvents that is of great importance for optimization of the technology of their extraction from plant raw materials and further purification and separation by recrystallization. The dependence of the solubility of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose in aqueous isopropanol and acetone at temperatures of 298 К (25 ^оС) and 275 К (2 ^оС) from water content in a solvent was studied. The constancy of the mechanism of solubility of carbohydrates in these environments in the given temperature interval is experimentally proved. For the first time based on the equation of Vant-Goff the logical connection of temperature dependence of solubility and thermal effect of solubility of carbohydrates is strictly grounded. The values of the thermal effect that are determined by the experimental data allow calculating the solubility of the studied carbohydrates in the aqueous–organic solvent of different concentration in the temperature range from 2^оС to 25 ^оС.  It has been established that the main contribution to the thermal effect of dissolving carbohydrates is the hydration process. Solvation by molecules of organic solvent practically does not change the value of the specified thermal effect. The significance of determined temperature dependences of the solubility of fructose, glucose and maltose is shown to optimize the technological conditions for the separation of glucose-fructose and glucose-maltose syrups by selective crystallization. 

The development of innovative technologies for the processing of agricultural raw materials to obtain new types of functional and enriched food products is one of the directions for the development of scientific research in the field of food quality, set out in the document "Strategy for improving the quality of food products in the Russian Federation until 2030". Bakery products are one of the most promising objects for the design of functional food products, since they are a favorite component of the diet of Russians and are characterized by a low content of minerals, vitamins, dietary fiber, the deficiency of which is a serious problem. In this regard, the development of technologies for bakery products using secondary products of raw materials processing and natural sources of biologically active substances is relevant. The article presents the results of a study of the possibility of using complex additives from natural raw materials in the production of bakery products. As additives, we used dry cheese demineralized whey, vegetable and fruit and berry powders of infrared drying (from beets, carrots, cranberries, mountain ash). The powders were obtained by infrared drying followed by mechanochemical grinding. After infrared drying at a temperature of 60-70 ° C for 180-240 min, the powders were crushed into chips with an average equivalent particle size of 125-140 microns. We have developed technologies and recipes for new bakery products with the complex additives listed above. The finished products were examined for organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological quality indicators. In terms of quality and safety, the samples meet the requirements of regulatory documents. The use of additives in baking bakery products improves the nutritional value of finished products, while the content of protein, minerals, fiber increases, including an increase in antioxidant activity.The combined use of these additives significantly improves the consumer properties of the developed bakery products, which makes it possible. get new functional products.

Searching for new microorganisms with great potential for the synthesis of high-molecular exopolysaccharides possessing some useful traits is very important in the scope of certain industries. The bacterial strain Pantoea cypripedii 4A isolated by direct plating on a rich agar medium was studied in this work as a potential producer of extracellular polysaccharides. This strain was isolated from forest litter mixed with the topsoil of the M.A. Zablotsky Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve. The Pantoea cypripedii 4A strain is capable of synthesizing EPS that was confirmed by the Podobedov-Molish reaction (a qualitative reaction to carbohydrates in the medium) on a medium supplemented with 5% sucrose. Gel permeation chromatography confirmed that the isolated strain produces an exopolysaccharide with a molecular weight of about 1.69 MDa on a medium supplemented with 5% sucrose. However, the presence of two lower molecular weight peaks may indicate that the resulting product has heterogeneous structure. The yield of dry biopolymer when growing the strain on a mineral medium with sucrose at a final concentration of 5% without adding additional components, such as microelements, was 8.5 g/l. One of the important characteristics of EPS is the viscosity of their aqueous solutions. The measured dynamic viscosity of a 10% EPS solution synthesized by Pantoea cypripedii 4A was 1.728 mPa s. Despite the fact that the production of extracellular polysaccharides is often enhanced under stress conditions, neither reduced oxygen concentration, nor low temperature conditions did affect the EPS biosynthesis by the studied strain.

Waste brewing grain, also called spent grain, is a cheap by-product of brewing, and at the same time a valuable source of dietary fiber, protein and essential amino acids, minerals, polyphenols, vitamins and lipids. Taking into account the valuable nitrionic properties of spent grain, a rational approach is to include it in bread and evaluate its contribution to the nutritional composition, profile of volatiles, and also its effect on the sensory properties of fortified bread. Replacing bread flour with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% grain flour has resulted in bread formulations with increased nutritional value (higher fiber, protein, fat and minerals) and flavoring qualities that impart characteristic volatile compounds. Sensory analysis has shown that, compared to bread made with 100% flour, bread formulations with up to 10% grains have good organoleptic characteristics, which indicates the possibility of using this by-product as an enrichment ingredient in baked goods.

Thirty ecotypes of licorice (a medicinal plant) from all of Iran were collected and genetically evaluated. To assess the genetic diversity of licorice, genomic DNA was extracted using Winnepenninckx method (CTAB method). 12 random primers were used to perform PCR. All 12 primers showed obvious and repeatable bands. Totally, 1343 bands were produced. Bands size varied from 250 to 5000 bp. Percentage of polymorphism and polymorphic loci was 88.83% and 95.5%, respectively. The highest number of band was related to primer OPN-08 (band 188). The highest similarity between Esfaraien and Bojnourd ecotypes is equal to 0.647. Kermanshah and Orumieh ecotypes had the lowest similarity that was 0.3. Dendrogram divided 30 ecotypes into 5 groups in terms of genetic distance. Generally, surveying the variation in genotypes of licorice using RAPD marker showed that this marker can be useful in identifying the polymorphism, estimating the genetic distance, and managing germplasm.