The basic principles of a scientific paper publication ethics are considered. The main types of peer review of manuscripts are described. The principle of double blind peer review is explained. Attention is paid to issues of citation and self-citation, repeated and duplicate publications.

Currently, attempts are increasingly being made to compare various quantitative models to solve specific data classification problems. Moreover, in the literature there is no data on the comparison of mathematical models in small samples and complex clinical situations. Purpose of work. Compare the performance of artificial neural network models and logistic regression in predicting research results in a small sample. Materials and methods. The simulation included a group of patients of 50 people who underwent plastic surgery on the mitral valve. Five independent variables were selected for the simulation: gender, age, body mass index, and papillary muscle approximation technique. The dependent variable is regurgitation on the mitral valve in a distant period. Results. According to the logistic regression, a phenomenon of data separation arose and a huge mean square error was obtained. According to the analysis of the ROC curve, a relationship was revealed between the predictor age and regurgitation on the mitral valve, the area under the curve indicates the average level of relationship. The results of the analysis of predictors using artificial neural networks indicate that the main contribution as a predictor of the absence of regurgitation is made by the approximation of papillary muscles. Using the De-Long test, we compared the ROC regression curves and neural networks by age factor: z = 10.71, p <0.0001, statistically significant differences were revealed, which indicates the advantage of STI in identifying predictors. Conclusion. In a small sample with a small number of events, artificial neural networks have an advantage over other methods in determining predictors of influence on the dependent variable.

Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP) is one of the most complex and unsolved problems of surgical pancreatology to date. The aim of the scientific work was to study the effectiveness of open stenting of the pancreatic duct with the aim of restoring the drainage function of the pancreatic duct system by creating an artificial passage in the parenchyma of the pancreatic head, connecting the lumen of the main pancreatic duct with the lumen of the duodenum. In the course of the study, a new method for the surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis, which allows to restore the flow of pancreatic juice into the duodenum and effectively stops the acute process in the pancreas, supported by pancreatic ductal hypertension - open pancreatic duct stenting. This technology allows you to quickly stop the pain and inflammation in the pancreas, restore the passage of pancreatic juice into the duodenum, eliminate trophological disorders, reduce the number and severity of postoperative complications, improve the quality of life of patients, eliminate the development of diabetes mellitus immediately after surgery

The relevance of the study and the presence of gaps in existing knowledge on the topic. Monitoring the biosafety of food raw materials by microbiological indicators is an urgent problem due to an increase in the number foodborne infections worldwide.

The aim of the work is to study the features of the formation of biofilms and uncultured microorganisms under various cultivation conditions

Methods. Morphometric and densitometric indicators of biofilms and uncultured microorganisms were studied under various cultivation conditions. To study the growth and development populations of microorganisms, media containing growth factors for cell wall repair and L-shape reversal of microorganisms were used.

Results and discussion. Microbiological control of critical points in animal husbandry technology and food production has examined the species composition and etiological significance virulence factors of strains producing adhesive antigens, bacteriocins, hemolysins, toxins, extended-spectrum p-lactamases, which determine the tendency to increase multidrug resistance. The morphological and functional features of biofilms, which are communities of microorganisms that secrete the polymer matrix and adhere to tissues of susceptible animal species and abiotic surfaces of livestock buildings and food production, were studied. Direct correlative relationships between filamentation, dispersion multi-species biofilms of microorganisms and the development dystrophic and necrotic processes in the tissues and organs mammals and birds have been established. To optimize the microbiological diagnosis of infectious diseases, effective methods for detecting heteromorphic biofilms and uncultured microorganisms have been tested and selected. To prevent the formation biofilms of pathogenic microorganisms, drugs that reduce the level of microbiological parameters primary contamination are promising; minimize adhesive properties, as well as biocides that destroy the intercellular matrix.

Conclusions. The ability to form biofilms, the variability of phenotypic characters, the multiplicity of virulence factors, the emergence of resistant forms of bacteria due to the synthesis exopolysaccharides, significantly reduce the effectiveness antiepizootic and diagnostic measures. The development of accelerated methods for the detection of biofilms and the differentiation of uncultivated microorganisms will make it possible to scientifically substantiate and develop a set of measures aimed at preventing animal diseases and obtaining safe livestock products in order to prevent human diseases.

The relevance of production of grain products of a high degree of readiness and expansion of the raw material base through the use of triticale grain is shown. Rational modes of IR processing of triticale grain are justified when obtaining a new product from it in the form of flakes with high nutritional and consumer advantages. The influence of IR treatment on the physical and biochemical properties of triticale grain was studied. It is shown that the main parameters that determine the modes of IR processing of triticale grain are the grain moisture, the density (intensity) of the incident flow of radiant energy and the irradiation time. The influence of various IR processing modes on the proteins and carbohydrates of triticale grain was studied. The influence of the intensity of IR processing of triticale grain on the degree of starch dextrinization and on the density of grains is shown. The effect of IR treatment on the change in the amount of water-soluble substances in triticale due to the destruction of starch to dextrins and a decrease in the solubility of proteins as a result of their denaturation was studied. The effect of IR treatment on starch attack by amylases was established. The influence of IR treatment modes on the degree of denaturation and fractional composition of triticale grain proteins was studied. The influence of grain flattening on the carbohydrate complex and the intensification of IR processing on the consumer advantages of flakes is studied. The influence of IR treatment on the acidity of water and alcohol extracts and the fiber content was studied. Shown the optimal conditions of infrared treatment for gelatinization of starch and formation of dextrins. Physical and chemical changes in triticale grain during its flattening into flakes after IR treatment were studied. It is justified to obtain a new fast food product in the form of flakes that have a high nutritional value and a high content of dietary fiber, which can be used as a dry breakfast.

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to quality seed treatment, which is impossible without the use of chamber dressers, working on the principle of continuous supply of seeds to the dressing chamber. Existing chamber dressers such as Mobiox Super in designs that provide for the installation of one or two disk seed dispensers for passive and active action, as well as single-level reflective devices, are not able to significantly improve the quality of dressing. Therefore, the purpose of scientific research was to improve the quality of seed treatment of grain crops by the development of a two-disk distributing and two-level reflecting devices of a chamber etcher. The scientific significance of research is to establish the dependencies of the influence of design parameters on the crushing of seeds. The practical significance of the research lies in the development of a seed dresser equipped with a two-disk distributing and two-level reflective seed devices capable of reducing crushing, seed moisture and increasing the completeness of their seed dressing. A two-disk distribution device consists of an upper annular disk with a divider guide in the form of a catenoid and a lower solid disk with a guide in the form of a pseudosphere, and a two-level reflecting device includes a reflector of the upper and lower levels, their application makes it possible to form two uniform flow of seeds before applying the working liquids. For research, seeds of spring wheat of the Rainbow variety were used as seed material, and Maxim Extreme was used as a dressing agent. The research methodology for the chamber dresser included substantiating the rational values of its design parameters, determining the sowing quality of the seeds, the effect of the diameter of the exit window of the petal dispenser on seed delivery, uneven feeding and crushing by the dresser, as well as comparative testing of the developed Mobiitox Super dresser with the base Mobiitox Super. Analysis and processing of research results was carried out by methods of mathematical statistics. The value of the research results is that when the distance from the annular disk to the reflector of the upper level is 60 mm, the diameter of the reflector of the lower level is 350 mm, the height of the reflector of the upper level is 30 mm, and the height of the reflector of the lower level is 30 mm, the smallest crushing of seeds was observed with the pickling agent 0, 05 %. The practical significance of the research lies in the development of a seed dresser that provides, in comparison with the base, a decrease in seed crushing after dressing from 0.12 % to 0.06 %, uneven dressing from 5.6 % to 2.67 %, seed moisture after dressing from 15, 4 % to 15.1 %, and an increase in the etch completeness from 85.6 % to 97.4 %. Thus, the use of a dresser equipped with a two-disk distributing and two-level reflecting devices can improve the quality of the pickling.

Statistical studies of the last five years indicate a steady increase in the consumption of high-carb foods, an important place among which is confectionery and white sugar. These products make up a significant part of the diet of a modern person, due to their high taste and the ability to quickly saturate the human body with energy.

Sugar production is an important part of the food industry of the agricultural complex of Russia, the products of which are in high consumer demand, both among the population of the country and among various sectors of the food industry. Significant volumes of processed sugar beets, a plurality of technological operations and the energy capacity of this food production require the timely introduction of advanced technologies that can save energy and resource-saving efficiency in the face of rising energy prices.

In the technological flow of sugar beet production, a significant amount of heat and electric energy is concentrated on the site of extraction of sucrose from beets, necessary to maintain optimal parameters of the diffusion process. A significant number of operating enterprises in the Russian sugar industry carry out the extraction of sucrose using traditional technological solutions into an inclined type apparatus. Traditional technological methods do not allow to provide the standard value of its extraction and need technological improvement.

A technological solution has been developed to improve the traditional technology for the diffusion extraction of sucrose from beets using the thermochemical processing of beet chips before it enters the diffusion apparatus, and an exergy analysis of the proposed development has been carried out. By calculation, the results of experimental studies on the effectiveness of the thermochemical processing of beet chips are confirmed, and the feasibility of using an exergy calculation to assess the thermodynamic state of the heat-technological processes of beet sugar production.

The usage of electrochemically activated solutions (ECA) in systems formed from ice crystals with bactericidal properties is becoming increasingly important. It is an advanced technology for the effective cooling and storage of aquatic products. In this research the effect of this technology on the quality and extension of shelf life of fresh fish - rainbow trout during storage in a refrigerator (0-2 ° C) was studied. During a series of experiments, fish samples were placed in containers with ice formed on the basis of ECA solution and tap water and a rational storage mode (processing method, time) was established depending on microbiological, organoleptic, and physicochemical parameters. As a result of the study, it was shown that after a day of storage in bactericidal ice, a decrease in bacterial contamination was observed in the experimental fish samples in comparison with the control samples. The total shelf life of trout in the special environment, during which the number of colonies of microorganisms was acceptable, was 7 days. In the control samples, after this period, a continuous growth of colonies was observed, which indicates a total contamination of the fish. By cooling fresh fish with bactericidal ice, it was possible to reduce the total microbial number by 1.5-2 times. Cooling and storage in an environment with an ECA solution led to a change in the colour of the skin of the trout (lighter than the original) and the presence of a slight smell of chlorine. Fish stored in ordinary ice practically did not change colour but acquired the smell of stale fish. As a result of the study, it was shown that the usage of ECA solution is an effective, environmentally friendly and cost-effective technological method for implementation in order to extend the freshness of fish, improve the quality and safety.

Recycling of multi-layer polymer materials is difficult, due to the complexity of sorting and separation of mixed waste, so most often they end up in landfills, polygons or incinerated, which leads to environmental and economic problems in the country. Currently, there are ways to process packaging waste with the exception of the sorting stage using chemical and physical modification. The article is devoted to the process of modification of polyolefin mixtures based on polyethylene and polypropylene, as well as a comprehensive study of the obtained secondary raw materials, which is aimed at increasing the technological compatibility of polymer materials for the development of recycling technology with the prospect of returning polymer compositions to the production cycle. The following tasks were set: to conduct a comprehensive study of polymer compositions based on polyolefins, which are modified by a copolymer of ethylene with propylene in a different ratio of components; to study the influence of the modifier on the physical and mechanical properties of polymer mixtures; to study the influence of rheological properties of polymer compositions modified by a copolymer; to propose a technology for recycling secondary polyolefin compositions in the production cycle. The objects of research were polyethylene, polypropylene and ethylene copolymer with propylene as a binder, in different proportions of components. Samples were obtained on a laboratory single-screw extruder with multiple processing. Scientific research was carried out using the method of capillary viscometry, pycnometric method for determining rheological properties, and uniaxial stretching method for studying the physical and mechanical properties of polymer compositions. It was found that the introduction of a modifier (ethylene copolymer with propylene) leads to an increase in the elongation at break in polymer compositions in the ratio of 70 % polyethylene to 30 % polypropylene and the breaking stress for compositions based on polyethylene and polypropylene in the ratio of 50:50 and 30: 70, respectively. As a result of the research, a technology for obtaining multi-layer packaging materials using packaging waste in the middle layer for contact with food products is proposed; a technology for processing polyolefin mixtures of various chemical nature is proposed without pre-sorting, to obtain packaging for technical purposes and household items.

A microbiological study of bee honey sold in the Moscow markets with respect to pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria of the genus Salmonella, Shigella, total microbial contamination (KMAFAnM), bacteria of the E. coli group, mold, osmophilic yeast, S. aureus) was carried out. Additionally, organoleptic (appearance, aroma, taste) and physicochemical (determination of the mass fraction of sucrose, fructose and glucose, hydroxymethylfurfural, acidity, electrical conductivity, etc.) were conducted to exclude product falsification. Microbiological, organoleptic and physico-chemical studies were carried out in a testing laboratory that meets the requirements of GOST ISO / EC 17025-2019. The study presented 221 honey samples taken from 13 Moscow markets for the presence of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. According to the results of studies, Escherichia coli was found in 37 samples (16.7 %), E. coli bacteria (BHEC) in 18 samples (8 %), S.aureus, 25 KMAFAnM (53 samples (23.9 %)) 11.3 %), osmophilic yeast - 3 (1.3 %), a discrepancy in physical and chemical parameters was found in 45 (20.3 %) samples. Considered Russian and international requirements for the microbiological safety of honey in relation to pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. Analyzed the comparative characteristics of indicators and their values.

Tea is a traditional drink for many nations of the world. In countries of the East, in addition to traditional types of tea, drinks obtained by microbial fermentation of the leaves of a tea plant were used. An example is Chinese tea Hei Cha and a drink obtained by fermenting tea extract - Kombucha. Microbial cultures used for fermentation gave drinks additional functional properties. The purpose of this study was to study the microscopic fungi used in the Hei Cha tea technology and the association of bacteria and yeast from the Kombucha drink, followed by a study of the possibility of their use for producing fermented drinks. Microscopic fungi identified as E. cristatum were isolated from Hei Cha tea samples; Acetobacter bacteria and Saccharomyces yeast were extracted from Kombucha. The effect of the composition of fermented raw materials and cultivation modes on the growth and development of isolated microorganisms was studied. The optimal fermentation parameters were determined and a technological scheme was developed for producing a finished fermented product based on Chamaenerion angustifolium (narrow-leaved fireweed). It was shown that the microorganisms used do not synthesize mycotoxins, are capable of synthesizing antioxidants and B vitamins and others. In drinks obtained by fermentation of leaf extracts of Camellia sinensis (Chinese camellia), Chamaenerion angustifolium (narrow-leaved fireweed), the content and composition of biogenic amines, amino acids phenolic compounds and antioxidants. A beverage formulation was developed using isolated microbial cultures, which include honey, malt wort, grape juice, mate, and coffee as additional ingredients. Product safety has been confirmed by microbiological analysis. The resulting drinks have a rich color, a pleasant aroma, a sweet and sour taste with fruit tones.