The main features of the scientific medical articles design, the requirements for their structuring and content are considered. The questions of ethics of research results presentation in the field of medicine are analyzed.

The aim of this study was to find any cause-and-effect relationships between the development of obstructive sleep apnoea and the occurrence of metabolic changes affecting the progression of the disease. Russian and foreign articles on obstructive sleep apnoea and the complications of this disease were analysed. Special attention was paid to data on metabolic changes. Any cause-and-effect relationships for the progression of obstructive sleep apnoea and metabolic syndrome were established and subjected to logical analysis, which made it possible to conclude that these diseases are interrelated. Intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation arising from obstructive sleep apnoea and metabolic syndrome lead to a decrease in insulin sensitivity, an increase in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and systemic inflammation, all of which are important factors in the progression of the metabolic syndrome. In turn, metabolic syndrome is an independent risk factor for obstructive sleep apnoea, for example, un-correctable glycemia, desensitises carotid bodies and pharyngeal muscles, contributing to the occurrence of respiratory disorders in a dream, which suggests the emergence of a “vicious circle” in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Thus, we can talk about the bilateral effects of obstructive sleep apnoea and metabolic syndrome. A special therapy (a method of treatment by creating a constant positive pressure in the airways during a night’s sleep) for obstructive sleep apnoea has a positive effect on the degree of insulin resistance and the level of adipokines. This circumstance necessitates the timely initiation of therapy in patients with metabolic syndrome who have breathing disorders during sleep. The consulting physician, who is confronted with the problem of respiratory disorders during night sleep, needs to understand the true nature of the disease in a particular situation to form correct and precise recommendations to the patient; timely diagnose the complications of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and hence refer patients to the appropriate specialists. Complications of obstructive sleep apnoea are no less dangerous than the main clinical manifestations, which necessitates an integrated approach to a patient with obstructive sleep apnoea and metabolic syndrome. The interrelationship between obstructive sleep apnoea and metabolic syndrome as described by us will allow the practitioners to more clearly orient themselves in the variety of clinical manifestations of obstructive sleep apnoea and the selection of an effective treatment.

Article contains the review of a number of molecular genetic researches of schizophrenia of the last years in which some problems of her genetic prerequisites are tracked. In article theories of constancy of schizophrenia are presented to populations. Main types of genetic deviations which are associated with the diagnosis of schizophrenia are described. In work the difficulties of interpretation of results which have arisen in the course of researches are lit, the lack of knowledge of mechanisms of an expression of the genes associated with schizophrenia, need of joint studying of genomic variations and the related neurophysiological mechanisms, search of associations with private phenotypical manifestations (psychopathological symptoms and syndromes) and their combinations is noted. It is noted that the search for gene-phenotypic associations is still carried out without taking into account the clinical and psychopathological variability of schizophrenia and related disorders. The prospects of studying the genetic variants associated with frequent phenotypic manifestations (psychopathological symptoms, syndromes and types of clinical course), as well as a variety of clinical pictures of psychoses, which, as a rule, are a reflection of the general etiology and pathogenetic consequences of these disorders, are substantiated.

The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of general dentists in Lithuania concerning periodontal treatment modalities for the diagnosis and management approaches of periodontal diseases. A previously piloted and revised questionnaire was distributed between random sample of 1005 general dentists via e-mail. The questionnaire consisted of 47 multiplechoice questions divided into three sections: general information, questions about diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases and factors preventing or limiting the availability of periodontal treatment. 502 general dentists filled the questionnaire with the response rate of 49,95%. The age average of the respondents was 37 years with the average of 12,5 years in practice. 58% of respondents worked together with dental hygienist; 29% with a periodontist in their practice. Dentists working in urban areas were more likely to have a dental hygienist and periodontist in their practice.

The aim of this study was to determine the dependence of the course of liver fibrosis on the functional state of the immune system, in particular, on the imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune reactions that are formed in patients during the development of the disease. The study included 30 patients with chronic liver diseases (18 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and 12 patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), 15 healthy individuals were the comparison group. Liver elastography (FibroScan) was used to evaluate liver stiffness and determine fibrosis stages according to METAVIR classification. The following cytokine levels were measured in the serum samples of the group: IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, VEGF and TGF-β. According to the data presented in this work, in patients with CHC and ALD, there was a statistically significant increase in serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely: IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8. Interestingly, elevated TGF-β values were found in patients with CHC, but not in patients with ALD. Significantly lower concentrations of VEGF were observed in both study groups. There was also a significant decrease in serum IL-4 in patients with CHC, whereas in patients with ALD such a decrease was not statistically significant. Serum IL-1β content was approximately equally elevated in the early and late stages of fibrosis. A sharp rise in serum TNF-α levels occurred in the early stages of fibrosis. In the later stages, the rise in the level was replaced by a sharp fall. However, the serum levels of TNF-α in the later stages of liver fibrosis still significantly exceeded control values. The serum levels of IFN-γ in patients significantly exceeded control values without changes in different stages of fibrosis. Relatively high levels of serum IL-2 and IL-6 were noted only in the later stages of the disease. In both groups of patients, a clear dependence of serum levels of IL-8 on the stage of fibrosis was revealed. Analysis of the data allows us to conclude that immune mechanisms play a significant role in the pathogenesis of degenerative liver diseases. Therefore further studies of the mechanism and role of immune factors is required to explore possible diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

The article presents the materials to identify the frequency of obstructive sleep apneahypopnea syndrome (OSA), the investigation of the features of the clinical picture of the cardiorespiratory system and the psychological state of patients with ischemic heart disease (CHD) after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, development and implementation of a program of medical rehabilitation of patients with non-invasive respiratory support constant positive pressure in the respiratory tract (CPAP therapy). General clinical, laboratory, instrumental and psychological research methods were used for the study.

It was revealed that in 35.7% of cases in operated patients with coronary heart disease sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome can be found. The presence of OSA is associated with a more severe clinical picture of CHD, excessive daytime drowsiness, night snoring, headaches in the morning, a higher body mass index, poorly correctable hypertension, the presence of cardiac arrhythmias during sleep, correlating with the degree of severity of OSA. The inclusion in the comprehensive program of medical rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease with OSA after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of the method of non-invasive respiratory support – CPAP therapy provided an increase in the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures, improving the quality of life of this category of patients and reducing the risk of complications. It is shown that application of complex clinical-psychological research of patients with CHD and OSA after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty improves the efficiency of rehabilitation (the restoration of the functional capacity of the organism of the operated patients), early medical rehabilitation and return to work that significantly adds to the scientific concept of medical rehabilitation for cardiosurgical patients with ischemic heart disease and OSA after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

The results of research work that showed the relevance of using quail meat in the production of canned food for young children are presented. It became possible to solve the problem of enrichment of the product under development with bioavailable iron without deterioration in taste due to the inclusion of a highly absorbable heme iron, the liver, in one of the formulations. To enrich canned food with vitamins, minerals and phospholipids, a quail egg was added to the formulations. To ensure a calcium: phosphorus ratio of 1.3: 1, which is recommended for young children, a mineral calcium enrichment from eggshell was added to the formulations. Gluten-free cereal raw materials were used as a structure-forming component. The influence of prescription ingredients and their compositions on the nutritional, biological value and consumer qualities of the finished product is shown. Formulations of canned foods are developed that are nutritionally adequate to the specific metabolic processes of the child’s body, with a balanced ratio of omega-6 / omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Canned foods are of high nutritional and biological value, are good sources of minerals - phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, iron, selenium, zinc, copper, vitamins - groups B, PP, E, A, folic acid, vitamin-like compounds - choline and biotin. It was found that during the shelf life the organoleptic, physico-chemical and hygienic indicators did not change and remained within the normal range. In the future, it is planned to establish a guaranteed shelf life, select the most effective packaging material and clinically confirm the effectiveness of the product.

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of wave, first of all, optical effects on enzyme preparations used in food production, in order to increase the activity of target enzymes. Information is given on the possibility of changing of characteristics of objects of different nature, of increasing the hydrolytic, in particular, amylolytic activity of enzymes of microbial origin using such treatment methods. The results of studying of the effect of treatment with light with wavelengths from the range 364 - 980 nm of the enzyme preparation Amylorizin P10x on its amylolytic ability are considered; the direction and intensity of the influence of such processing was evaluated by comparing the amount of starch hydrolyzed in the experimental and control variants. It was shown that photo processing under experimental conditions allowed to increase the amount of hydrolyzed starch by 20–70% compared with the control, depending on the wavelength of light used for processing. In this way, it is advisable to continue research in order to clarify the parameters of the light treatment, providing a significant technological and / or economic effect.

The need to improve the production of baby food, improve its quality, ensure the volume of production and assortment adequate to demand is not only a Russian, but also a worldwide problem. The aim of the study was to assess the current state of the baby food industry and determine the prospects for its development. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were required: analysis of the dynamics of the production of baby food; market appraisal; research of the demand for these products; identification of factors affecting its consumption; identification of gaps that impede the development of the industry prediction calculation. Such a study, in our opinion, will improve the provision of children with these types of food. However, the lack of information prevents the determination of reliable demand and the sustainable development of the domestic baby food industry. In the official statistical materials, data are presented only for the main product groups, without taking into account specific features and influence factors, which does not allow to reliably determine the demand for these products and calculate its forecast for the medium term. In this regard, in order to form an objective picture of the prospects for the development of the food market for children, including from the moment of birth, the following scientific methods were used in the research process: abstraction, analysis and synthesis, questioning, interviewing, extrapolation, modeling, etc. The results of the study summarized in the final section of the article.

Rebaudioside A (RebaA) was subjected to β-2.6 transglycosylation with β-fructofuranosidase from Arthrobacter sp. K-1 and sucrose as a source of fructose units. The yield of transglycosylation depends significantly on the concentration of the acceptor, the donor and the enzyme, as well as the reaction time. At the weight ratio of RebА to sucrose of 1: 1, the degree of transfructosylation in 24 hours was only 5.4%, while at a ratio of 1 : 5, it reaches to more than 23%. It was revealed that transfructosylation proceeds more efficiently in the concentrated solutions, the higher the total concentration of sucrose and RebaA, the greater the yield of fructosylated RebA. To determine the effect of рН on transfructosylation, β-fructofuranosidase was incubated with a solution of 1% RebА and 10% sucrose at 40°C for 15 hours at various pH values. It was also revealed that with an increase in the amount of the enzyme, the reaction accelerates. The most optimal were quantities of 50-100 units per 1 g of sucrose. The reaction of transfructosylation of stevioside is examined, and an organoleptic evaluation of fructosylated derivatives of fructosyl-RebА, fructosyl-stevioside and fructosyl-rubuzoside is also shown. Isolation and purification of fructosylated Reba was carried out by ethanol precipitation and purification on the columns filled with macroporous Diaion HP-20 resin. The resulting product is possessing improved sensory characteristics and can be used as low-calorie sweetener.

Acrylamide, which is known to exist in a range of foodstuffs at different rates is a heat treatment contaminant and has been labeled by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a probable carcinogenic substance for humans. Acrylamide is readily absorbed by the body and it spreads to the tissues. The fact that acrylamide is highly prone to react with DNA and RNA has brought forward various health problems as well. Many studies have proved the relation between acrylamide and diseases related to the nervous system, notably cancer. The most important mechanism in the formation of acrylamide in foodstuffs is the Maillard reaction. The level of acrylamide in foodstuffs shows an increase in high temperatures especially in the presence of reducing sugar and asparagine amino acid. However, no legal legislation has yet been defined on the level of acrylamide in foodstuffs.